Effects of cardiac anisotropy on three-dimensional ECG localization inverse solutions: a model study

The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of cardiac anisotropy on the ECG inverse localization solutions using a heart-model-based approach. The anisotropic heart model was used in forward pacing simulation while anisotropic and isotropic heart models were used in inverse procedures, respectively. Twenty-four sites throughout the ventricles were paced and the sites of origins of ventricular activation were localized in the inverse procedure. The inverse solutions of localization of pacing sites using anisotropic or isotropic heart model were compared. The computer simulation results suggest that the cardiac anisotropy does not have significant influence on the localization of site of origin in the 3D ventricles during paced activation. Keywords—Heart model, anisotropy, inverse problem